Systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical guidelines on MS, NMOSD and MOGAD since 2015. Reviews pool the results of many studies, so they are often the best single summary of what is known. Each one is tagged by software and linked to the medicines, hypotheses and frontiers it covers.
1021Meta-analysis
734Systematic review
24Umbrella review
47Guideline
134Consensus statement
Treatment reviews441Found a benefit
39No benefit found
104Mixed
20Found harm
117Evidence too weak to say
Systematic review · 2026 · Progress in neurobiology
Found a benefit
A review of animal studies found that electrical stimulation of the brain, vagus nerve, or peripheral nerves improved myelin repair in models of multiple sclerosis.
From the abstract
Limited but convergent preclinical evidence suggests ES may enhance remyelination by modulating neuronal and inflammatory pathways.
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Systematic review · 2026 · Disability and rehabilitation
Evidence too weak to say
Seven small studies suggest stretching is well tolerated by people with MS and may improve flexibility, walking, stiffness, pain and tiredness, but the evidence is weak.
From the abstract
ST appears well tolerated and may improve flexibility while also being potentially associated with clinically meaningful improvements in mobility, spasticity, pain, and fatigue in PwMS.
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · PloS one
Evidence too weak to say
Four small studies suggest that resistance training alone may raise a blood marker of brain health, BDNF, in people with MS, but the evidence is weak.
From the abstract
Isolated RT may increase peripheral BDNF levels in individuals with MS, but this effect is supported by limited and low-certainty evidence.
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Consensus statement · 2026 · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
Latin American experts agreed on practical rules for using MRI scans to diagnose, monitor, and manage neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder across different healthcare settings.
From the abstract
These LATAM-adapted consensus recommendations provide a practical, evidence-informed framework for MRI use in NMOSD, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy, harmonize imaging practices, and optimize patient management across diverse healthcare settings.
NMOSD
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Journal of neurovirology · 131 studies
Researchers pooled published studies from Middle East and North Africa and found MS cases and EBV infections both rose over time, with MS rising more sharply.
From the abstract
Based on a probable ecological correlation between the increasing prevalence of MS and EBV, the preventive measures against EBV infection may potentially yield favorable outcomes in terms of MS prevention.
MS in general
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Consensus statement · 2026 · Journal of neurology
French neurologists agreed that people newly diagnosed with MS and showing many lesions on scans should start strong monoclonal drugs early, with symptoms playing a smaller role.
From the abstract
This study suggests that the panel of French neurologists favoured monoclonal HET initiation amongst treatment-naïve RRMS patients with high radiological disease activity, whereas clinical characteristics played a complementary role.
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Disability and rehabilitation
Found a benefit
Meeting physical activity guidelines improved thinking speed and memory in people with MS, though the evidence came from few studies with high risk of bias.
From the abstract
Meta-analyses indicated meeting PAG-MS significantly improved processing speed and memory.
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Neuropsychology review
Researchers combined many studies and found that thinking and memory problems are linked to physical disability in MS, especially in later stages of the disease.
From the abstract
Cognitive and physical disabilities in MS are interdependent, particularly in the advanced stages of the disease.
MS in general
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
About one in three people with multiple sclerosis have problems with sweating control, which is much more common than in healthy people and more frequent in progressive disease.
From the abstract
Sudomotor dysfunction affects approximately one-third of people with MS, is substantially more frequent than in healthy controls, and appears more common in progressive disease.
MS in general
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Systematic review · 2026 · Journal of clinical medicine
Mixed
Seven randomized trials found occupational therapy results inconsistent for daily activity performance and fatigue in people with MS, with very low certainty of evidence.
From the abstract
The available evidence does not consistently establish that OT interventions improve occupational performance or reduce physical and cognitive fatigue in adults with MS.
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Umbrella review · 2026 · Neurourology and urodynamics · 34 studies
Mixed
Many treatments for bladder problems in MS showed promise, but some caused side effects and strong trials are still lacking.
From the abstract
Despite a high prevalence of LUTDs in MS patients, evidence basis of the management methods is still poor and there is lack of well-designed randomized controlled trials, which makes evidence inconclusive.
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Systematic review · 2026 · Inflammopharmacology
Five animal studies suggest that drugs blocking leukotriene inflammatory signals may reduce disease severity and aid myelin repair, but human evidence is still needed.
From the abstract
Although these mechanistic observations provide biological plausibility for further investigation of these agents as potential repurposed therapies for MS, particularly in the context of remyelination and neuroinflammation, they remain based on preclinical evidence and should therefore be considered hypothesis-generating.
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Frontiers in neuroimaging
Brain scans from thousands of people found that multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's share some brain shrinkage areas, and genes linked to these patterns may suggest shared treatment targets.
From the abstract
Findings establish shared cortical-limbic-striatal atrophy as pivotal neurodegeneration nexus in AD and MS.
MS in general
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 29 studies
A review of 29 studies found that about 30 percent of people with MS have sleep breathing problems, more often those with higher BMI or more advanced disease.
From the abstract
SDB affects a considerable proportion of PwMS, particularly those with more advanced disease or higher BMI.
MS in general
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
Found a benefit
Adding blood flow restriction to exercise may modestly strengthen thigh and hamstring muscles and reduce fatigue in people with MS, though evidence is limited.
From the abstract
BFR therapy may improve lower-limb strength (more consistently for hamstrings than quadriceps) and may reduce fatigue in people with MS compared with exercise alone, but the certainty of the evidence is low.
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
Pooled data from 21 studies found people with MS tend to have higher leptin levels in their blood than healthy people, though results varied widely between studies.
From the abstract
Circulating leptin levels are elevated in MS patients, suggesting a potential role in disease-related immune dysregulation.
MS in general
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Systematic review · 2026 · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
Found a benefit
Nine trials found that nursing care plans based on established health theories improved quality of life, self-efficacy, daily living, fatigue, and sleep in people with MS.
From the abstract
Theory-based nursing interventions not only yield significant positive effects on physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes among individuals with multiple sclerosis but also serve as an essential framework for guiding the planning and delivery of holistic nursing care.
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
This updated review of 12 studies found fertility treatment does not significantly raise relapse risk in women with MS or cause new MS, and pregnancy after treatment linked to fewer relapses.
From the abstract
Contemporary evidence suggests that ART does not independently increase relapse risk in WwMS or the risk of developing de novo MS.
MS in general
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · Biomolecules · 24 studies
Found a benefit
Pooled animal studies found that treatment with extracellular vesicles, tiny particles released by cells, improved disease scores and reduced inflammation in mouse and rat MS models.
From the abstract
These results point to the need for clinical translation of the encouraging preliminary results obtained using such MS animal models.
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Meta-analysis · 2026 · European journal of neurology · 9 studies
Relapse rates in control groups of MS drug trials have fallen over time, along with patients' baseline relapse activity, though recruitment timing explains much of the pattern.
From the abstract
Lower baseline relapse activity accompanied declining event yield.
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