O-MEG-A-MIND

Treatment tested

• OPM- Magnetoencephalography

Other measures (3)

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals (age range 2 yrs to 16 years) who have received a diagnosis of immune-mediated neurological disease e.g. autoimmune encephalitis1, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis. 2 * Individuals who have received a diagnosis of a non-immune mediated neurological disease (age range 2 yrs to 15 years 11 months) e.g. stroke. * Patients who can give informed consent/ assent and have a person with parental responsibility capable of giving informed consent on their behalf if aged \<16 years. Exclusion Criteria: * There is metal in the body or any other contraindication that precludes MRI scanning at IHN, or child usually requires sedation for clinical MRI scans. * Participant dissents.

Over the past 20 years, doctors have gotten much better at spotting and treating brain conditions caused by the immune system attacking the body. These include illnesses like autoimmune encephalitis, ADEM, and multiple sclerosis. But even with better treatments, many patients-especially children-still struggle with long-term problems. Standard brain scans and tests often miss important issues like memory problems, emotional difficulties, trouble sleeping, and challenges with social behaviour. Early research using a special brain imaging technique (called MEG) has shown changes in brain networks that seem to be linked to poor memory. This study will use a new, advanced version of MEG that works even with very young children (as young as 2 years old). The goal is to better understand how these brain conditions affect children, compare them with other types of brain illness, and eventually use this technology to help predict outcomes and discover new ways to track brain health.