Hypotheses

Every hypothesis for treating MS that trials have tested or are testing, linked to the approach, aim, type of MS and trials behind it.

499 hypotheses · 178 with trials running

Showing 37 items

  • Stop relapses

    NMOSDResults pendingPhase 4

    3 trials · 0 running · Mitoxantrone

  • Stop relapses

    relapsing and progressive MSResults pendingPhase 2

    1 trial · 0 running · Dexrazoxane

  • Slow progression

    secondary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 3

    3 trials · 1 running · Cyclophosphamide anhydrous

  • Stop relapses

    MOGADBeing testedPhase 3

    2 trials · 2 running · Azathioprine

  • Protect nerves

    primary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 1

    1 trial · 1 running ·

  • Protect nerves

    secondary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 1

    1 trial · 1 running ·

  • Protect nerves

    primary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 2

    1 trial · 1 running · Tacrolimus anhydrous

  • Protect nerves

    secondary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 2

    1 trial · 1 running · Tacrolimus anhydrous

  • Slow progression

    secondary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 3

    1 trial · 1 running · Azathioprine

  • Slow progression

    relapsing and progressive MSBeing testedPhase 1

    1 trial · 1 running · Cyclophosphamide anhydrous

  • Slow progression

    relapsing and progressive MSBeing testedPhase 2

    1 trial · 1 running · Hydroxychloroquine

  • Slow progression

    secondary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 3

    1 trial · 1 running · Methotrexate

  • Slow progression

    secondary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 3

    1 trial · 1 running · Mycophenolate mofetil

  • Stop relapses

    relapsing and progressive MSBeing testedPhase 1

    1 trial · 1 running · Cyclophosphamide anhydrous

  • Stop relapses

    relapsing and progressive MSBeing testedPhase 2

    1 trial · 1 running · Hydroxychloroquine

  • Stop relapses

    primary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 2

    1 trial · 1 running · Tacrolimus anhydrous

  • Stop relapses

    secondary progressive MSBeing testedPhase 2

    1 trial · 1 running · Tacrolimus anhydrous

  • Slow progression

    relapsing MSNo clear answerPhase 2

    2 trials · 0 running · Mitoxantrone

  • Slow progression

    secondary progressive MSNo clear answerPhase 3

    2 trials · 0 running · Mitoxantrone

  • Protect nerves

    secondary progressive MSNo clear answerPhase 3

    1 trial · 0 running · Mitoxantrone

  • Slow progression

    primary progressive MSNo clear answerPhase early 1

    1 trial · 0 running ·

  • Slow progression

    secondary progressive MSNo clear answerPhase early 1

    1 trial · 0 running ·

  • Slow progression

    primary progressive MSNo clear answerPhase 2

    1 trial · 0 running · Cyclophosphamide anhydrous

  • Slow progression

    relapsing MSNo clear answerPhase 3

    1 trial · 0 running · Cyclophosphamide anhydrous

  • Slow progression

    primary progressive MSNo clear answerPhase 2

    1 trial · 0 running · Hydroxychloroquine

How a status is decided

A hypothesis is Confirmed when two or more controlled phase 3 trials met their main goal, or when one did and a medicine of the same approach is approved in the EU or the US for that use. With one positive phase 3 trial and no approval it is Supported by one trial. Analyses that only compare an active comparator with placebo, such as interferon beta against placebo inside a laquinimod trial, do not count as the tested medicine’s result.

Confirmed
Two or more controlled phase 3 trials met their main goal, or one did and a medicine of this approach is approved for this use.
Supported by one trial
One controlled phase 3 trial met its main goal. It needs a second trial or regulatory approval to count as confirmed.
Promising
Worked in a controlled phase 2 trial. A signal, not proof.
Mixed
Controlled trials disagree.
Results pending
Trials finished, but not all results are read yet.
Being tested
Trials are running now. No verdict yet.
Failed in phase 2
Controlled phase 2 trials did not meet their main goal for this group.
Failed in phase 3
Controlled phase 3 trials did not meet their main goal for this group. This does not rule out the mechanism in other groups or with other medicines.
No clear answer
Tried, but no controlled phase 2 or 3 result yet.
Not yet tested
Proposed or suggested by genetics. Not yet tested in MS.

Unread results can leave a status pending. Two or more phase 3 trials that met their goal, with none against, give a verdict even when an extension study at the same phase has no readable result.

“Failed in phase 3” applies to the patient group shown. A hypothesis can fail in primary progressive MS and work in relapsing MS.

Not yet tested items come from two places: proposed hypotheses, and genes linked to MS by human genetics that existing medicines act on but that have never been tried in MS.

Nothing here is linked or edited by hand. To report an error, use the contact form; we fix the rule, so the fix applies everywhere.

Assembled by software from public sources.