Effects of CTAR and PNF Exercises on Swallowing in Multiple Sclerosis
Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Chin Tuck Against Resistance Exercises on Swallowing Function in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Dysphagia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
What it found
We found no results in the registry or in papers.
What was tested
Treatment tested
- CTAR exercise
- PNF exercises
What it measured
Main measures
Change in DYMUS (Dysphagia in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire) Total Score
Baseline and week 8 (post-treatment)
Other measures (4)
Change in EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) Score
Baseline and week 8
Change in FOIS (Functional Oral Intake Scale) Level
Baseline and week 8
Change in SWAL-QOL (Swallowing Quality of Life) Score
Baseline and week 8
Quality of life (reported by participants)Change in 100 mL Water Swallow Test Parameters (Swallowing Speed, Volume per Swallow, Duration)
Baseline and week 8
Who could take part
MS (type not specified) · 18 to 65
Show the full criteria
Inclusion criteria
* - Confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis according to the 2017 McDonald criteria * DYMUS (Dysphagia in Multiple Sclerosis) questionnaire score ≥1 * Age between 18 and 65 years * No relapse within the preceding 6 months
Exclusion criteria
* - Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Presence of another neurological disease that could cause dysphagia * Presence of pneumonia * History of head-neck surgery or head-neck cancer * Persistent neck pain and/or radiculopathy * Inadequate head control * Inability to understand or follow verbal commands
As registered. Criteria can change, so ask the trial team or your neurologist.
About this trial
In the sponsor's words
This study compares two exercise programs for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have trouble swallowing. One group did chin exercises against resistance (CTAR), and the other group did neck exercises based on a technique called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). Both groups also received a sensory technique to help trigger swallowing. The study tested whether these exercises could improve swallowing ability, swallowing speed, and quality of life related to eating and drinking. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two exercise groups and were treated for 8 weeks, three times per week. Swallowing was assessed before and after treatment using validated questionnaires and a water-swallow test.
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History
Started
Nov 2025
Main results due
Apr 2026
Finished
May 2026