Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training in Multiple Sclerosis
Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training for Upper-Extremity Function in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
What it found
We found no results in the registry or in papers.
What was tested
Treatment tested
- Laterality, Motor Imagery, and Mental Rotation Training
Placebo
- Active Visual-Attention Control Training
What it measured
Main measures
The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Other measures (6)
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Thinking and memoryNine-Hole Peg Test
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Grip Strength
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
Arm and hand functionPhysical functionAbilhand
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Quality of life (reported by participants)The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Arm and hand function
Who could take part
Relapsing MS · 18 to 65
Show the full criteria
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosed with definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis by a neurologist according to the revised McDonald criteria * Not experiencing an acute MS relapse * Mini Mental State Examination score ≥24 * No clinical MS relapse within the previous 3 months * No corticosteroid treatment for an MS relapse within the previous 3 months * Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 1.5 and 6.0 * Modified Ashworth Scale score ≤2 * Sufficient communication ability to understand visual and verbal instructions and follow the training protocol * Able to attend at least 80% of the planned sessions * Able to complete the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3
Exclusion criteria
* Any medication change within the previous 3 months * Uncorrected severe visual or hearing impairment * A communication disorder preventing the perception of or response to the visual and verbal stimuli used in the study * Participation in another structured upper-extremity rehabilitation program or interventional study during the study period * Presence of an additional neurological disorder * Advanced sensory loss or proprioceptive impairment that could affect participation in the intervention * Botulinum toxin injection within the previous 3 months
As registered. Criteria can change, so ask the trial team or your neurologist.
About this trial
In the sponsor's words
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group received structured cognitive-motor training and the control group received active visual-attention training.
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History
Started
Feb 2024
Main results due
Jan 2026
Finished
Feb 2026