From animals to people

Most treatments are tried in animals before people. This page shows how often success in the lab carried over.

11

confirmed in people

10

failed in people

4

still being tested

Approaches that helped in most lab studies and were then tested in controlled trials.

Worked in people

  • B-cell depletion (anti-CD20)

    16 lab studies, helped in 63%

  • BTK inhibition (B cells and microglia)

    10 lab studies, helped in 80%

  • DHODH inhibition (pyrimidine synthesis)

    13 lab studies, helped in 77%

  • Glatiramer acetate

    16 lab studies, helped in 94%

  • Immune reconstitution (cladribine, alemtuzumab, aHSCT)

    10 lab studies, helped in 80%

  • Integrin blockade (lymphocyte trafficking)

    13 lab studies, helped in 85%

  • Interferon beta

    18 lab studies, helped in 94%

  • Fumarates / NRF2

    55 lab studies, helped in 96%

  • S1P receptor modulation (lymphocyte trafficking)

    65 lab studies, helped in 89%

  • Spasticity

    22 lab studies, helped in 86%

  • T-cell co-stimulation / cytokine targeting

    215 lab studies, helped in 95%

Failed in people

  • Axonal protection / ion channels / excitotoxicity

    90 lab studies, helped in 92%

  • Cell therapies and tolerisation

    285 lab studies, helped in 91%

  • FcRn / IgG reduction, IVIG, plasma exchange

    8 lab studies, helped in 100%

  • Sex hormones / hormonal

    43 lab studies, helped in 86%

  • Microglia / innate immunity in the CNS

    358 lab studies, helped in 93%

  • Mitochondrial / oxidative stress

    228 lab studies, helped in 93%

  • Vitamin D and nutritional supplements

    111 lab studies, helped in 91%

  • Pain, mood, cognition and other symptoms

    61 lab studies, helped in 95%

  • Remyelination / oligodendrocyte repair

    368 lab studies, helped in 94%

  • Lipid / vascular (statins etc.)

    13 lab studies, helped in 92%

Still being tested

  • Blood pressure medicines (vascular)

    5 lab studies, helped in 100%

  • Broad immunosuppression / cytotoxics

    23 lab studies, helped in 91%

  • Corticosteroids (relapse treatment)

    24 lab studies, helped in 88%

  • Other B-cell / plasma-cell targeting

    17 lab studies, helped in 94%

DISPROVEN IN PEOPLE

Worked in animals, failed in people

Axonal protection / ion channels / excitotoxicity

Lab: 90 studies, helped in 92%

In people: Optic neuritis: failed in phase 3 · Relapsing MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 3 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2

Cell therapies and tolerisation

Lab: 285 studies, helped in 91%

In people: Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 3

Integrin blockade (lymphocyte trafficking)

Lab: 13 studies, helped in 85%

In people: Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 3

Confirmed for another use

S1P receptor modulation (lymphocyte trafficking)

Lab: 65 studies, helped in 89%

In people: Primary progressive MS: failed in phase 3

Confirmed for another use

Spasticity

Lab: 22 studies, helped in 86%

In people: MS (type not specified): failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 3

Confirmed for another use

T-cell co-stimulation / cytokine targeting

Lab: 215 studies, helped in 95%

In people: Primary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Relapsing and progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Relapsing MS: failed in phase 3 · Relapsing MS: failed in phase 2

Confirmed for another use

Lipid / vascular (statins etc.)

Lab: 13 studies, helped in 92%

In people: Early MS (CIS or RIS): failed in phase 2 · Early MS (CIS or RIS): failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 3

FcRn / IgG reduction, IVIG, plasma exchange

Lab: 8 studies, helped in 100%

In people: Relapsing MS: failed in phase 2

Sex hormones / hormonal

Lab: 43 studies, helped in 86%

In people: Relapsing MS: failed in phase 2

Interferon beta

Lab: 18 studies, helped in 94%

In people: Relapsing MS: failed in phase 2

Confirmed for another use

Microglia / innate immunity in the CNS

Lab: 358 studies, helped in 93%

In people: Relapsing and progressive MS: failed in phase 2

Mitochondrial / oxidative stress

Lab: 228 studies, helped in 93%

In people: Primary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2

Fumarates / NRF2

Lab: 55 studies, helped in 96%

In people: Primary progressive MS: failed in phase 2

Confirmed for another use

Vitamin D and nutritional supplements

Lab: 111 studies, helped in 91%

In people: Optic neuritis: failed in phase 2 · Relapsing MS: failed in phase 2 · Relapsing MS: failed in phase 2

Pain, mood, cognition and other symptoms

Lab: 61 studies, helped in 95%

In people: Relapsing and progressive MS: failed in phase 2

Remyelination / oligodendrocyte repair

Lab: 368 studies, helped in 94%

In people: Optic neuritis: failed in phase 2 · Primary progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Relapsing and progressive MS: failed in phase 2 · Secondary progressive MS: failed in phase 2

BY MEDICINE

By medicine

Assembled by software from public sources.