Not yet tested in people

Treatments that helped in lab studies but have not been tested in people. Most lab successes do not carry over to people, so these are leads, not answers.

152

Treatments tested only in the lab

74

Genes linked to MS that no trial has targeted

2,710

Lab studies since 2015

MOST STUDIED

Most studied in the lab, by area

Stopping relapses

Matrine

inhibits microglial ferroptosis and reduces inflammation

12 lab studies · helped in 100%

EAE

Clozapine

inhibits autophagy, reducing mitochondrial clearance and improving myelination

7 lab studies · helped in 100%

CuprizoneEAELysolecithin

MCC950

Blocks NLRP3 inflammasome, curbing glial activation, M1 microglia

6 lab studies · helped in 100%

EAEGenetic support

Icariin

Activates Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant and blocks TLR4/NF-κB inflammation

6 lab studies · helped in 100%

CuprizoneEAE

Slowing progression

Pexidartinib

Blocks CSF1R, reducing microglia and increasing oligodendrocytes

5 lab studies · helped in 60%

CuprizoneEAE

Citicoline

Supplies phosphatidylcholine precursor for myelin membrane regeneration

2 lab studies · helped in 100%

CuprizoneEAE

Protecting and repairing

Kolaviron

reduces oxidative stress and protects cerebellar tissue

3 lab studies · helped in 100%

Cuprizone

Opc transplantation

Replaces oligodendrocytes, boosts myelin genes, lowers CSPG levels

2 lab studies · helped in 100%

CuprizoneLysolecithin

XAV939

enhances remyelination in microglia-containing organoids

2 lab studies · helped in 100%

Human cellsLysolecithin

Butyric acid

inhibits histone deacetylases and boosts antioxidant response

2 lab studies · helped in 100%

CuprizoneHuman cellsLysolecithin

GENES

Genes linked to MS that no trial has targeted

Human genetic studies link these genes to the risk of MS. No trial in the Trial Bank has tested a medicine acting on them yet.

  • TNFRSF1ATNF receptor superfamily member 1AStrong
  • IL7Rinterleukin 7 receptorStrong
  • CD58CD58 moleculeStrong
  • CD5CD5 moleculeStrong
  • CYP24A1cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1Strong
  • TAGAPT cell activation RhoGTPase activating proteinStrong
  • RGS1regulator of G protein signaling 1Strong
  • CBLBCbl proto-oncogene BStrong
  • BACH2BACH transcriptional regulator 2Strong
  • GATA3GATA binding protein 3Strong

EARLIER SUCCESSES

What happened to earlier lab successes

Of the approaches that helped in most lab studies and were then tested in people, 11 were confirmed and 10 failed. See From animals to people →

EVERYTHING

All treatments tested only in the lab

Assembled by software from public sources.